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Grammar: Conjunctions
Basic
和 | he² | and, with (nouns) |
跟 | gen¹  | and, with (nouns) |
与 | yu³  | and, with (nouns) |
又…又… | you⁴ ... you⁴ ... | and (verbs, adjectives) |
或者 | huo⁴ zhe³ | or, and ... respectively |
还是 | hai² shi⁴ | either ... or ... |
还有 | hai² you³ | in addition, furthermore |
另外 | ling⁴ wai⁴ | in addition, furthermore |
除了 | chu² le | besides, except |
不是……而是…… | bu² shi⁴ ... er³ shi⁴ ... | not ... but ... |
不但……而且…… | bu² dan⁴ ... er³ qie³ ... | not only ... but also ... |
不仅……也…… | bu⁴ jin³ ... ye³ ... | not only ... but also ... |
既……又…… | ji⁴ ... you⁴ ... | ... as well as ... |
既不……也不…… | ji⁴ bu⁴ ... ye³ bu⁴ ... | neither ... nor ... |
Contrast
虽然 | sui¹ ran² | although, even though |
但是 | dan⁴ shi⁴ | but, however |
可是 | ke³ shi⁴  | but, however |
不过 | bu² guo⁴ | only, but, anyway |
Sentence pattern:
……,但是…… | ..., dan⁴ shi⁴ ... |
……,可是…… | ..., ke³ shi⁴ ... |
虽然……,但是…… | sui¹ ran² ..., dan⁴ shi⁴ ... |
Reason
为了 | wei⁴ le | in order to |
因为 | yin¹ wei⁴ | because, because of |
由于 | you² yu²  | because, because of |
所以 | suo³ yi³ | therefore, so |
因此 | yin¹ ci³ | therefore, thus |
Sentence pattern:
因为……,…… | yin¹ wei² ..., ... |
因为……,所以…… | yin¹ wei² ..., suo³ yi³ ... |
……,所以…… | ..., suo³ yi³ ... |
Case
如果 | ru² guo³ | if |
要是 | yao⁴ shi⁴  | if |
是否 | shi⁴ fou³ | whether |
那 | na⁴ | then, in that case |
否则 | fou³ ze² | otherwise, else |
要不 | yao⁴ bu⁴ | otherwise, else |
| | |
……的话 | de hua⁴ | (subjunctive mood) |
Sentence pattern:
如果……的话,…就… | ru² guo³ ... (de hua⁴), ... (jiu⁴) ... |
要是……的话,…就… | yao⁴ shi⁴ ... (de hua⁴), ... (jiu⁴) ... |
Time
……的时候 | ... de shi² hou | when, while |
一边……一边…… | yi⁴ bian¹ ... yi⁴ bian¹ ... | ... while ... (two actions at the same time) |
一……就…… | yi¹ ... jiu⁴ ... | as soon as (once) ..., ... |