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Grammar: Conjunctions
Basic
和 | ㄏㄜˊ | and, with (nouns) |
跟 | ㄍㄣ  | and, with (nouns) |
与 | ㄩˇ  | and, with (nouns) |
又…又… | ㄧㄡˋ ... ㄧㄡˋ ... | and (verbs, adjectives) |
或者 | ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄓㄜˇ | or, and ... respectively |
还是 | ㄏㄞˊ ㄕˋ | either ... or ... |
还有 | ㄏㄞˊ ㄧㄡˇ | in addition, furthermore |
另外 | ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄞˋ | in addition, furthermore |
除了 | ㄔㄨˊ ㄌㄜ˙ | besides, except |
不是……而是…… | ㄅㄨˊ ㄕˋ ... ㄦˇ ㄕˋ ... | not ... but ... |
不但……而且…… | ㄅㄨˊ ㄉㄢˋ ... ㄦˇ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ... | not only ... but also ... |
不仅……也…… | ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄣˇ ... ㄧㄜˇ ... | not only ... but also ... |
既……又…… | ㄐㄧˋ ... ㄧㄡˋ ... | ... as well as ... |
既不……也不…… | ㄐㄧˋ ㄅㄨˋ ... ㄧㄜˇ ㄅㄨˋ ... | neither ... nor ... |
Contrast
虽然 | ㄙㄨㄟ ㄖㄢˊ | although, even though |
但是 | ㄉㄢˋ ㄕˋ | but, however |
可是 | ㄎㄜˇ ㄕˋ  | but, however |
不过 | ㄅㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄛˋ | only, but, anyway |
Sentence pattern:
……,但是…… | ..., ㄉㄢˋ ㄕˋ ... |
……,可是…… | ..., ㄎㄜˇ ㄕˋ ... |
虽然……,但是…… | ㄙㄨㄟ ㄖㄢˊ ..., ㄉㄢˋ ㄕˋ ... |
Reason
为了 | ㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄜ˙ | in order to |
因为 | ㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˋ | because, because of |
由于 | ㄧㄡˊ ㄩˊ  | because, because of |
所以 | ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄧˇ | therefore, so |
因此 | ㄧㄣ ㄘˇ | therefore, thus |
Sentence pattern:
因为……,…… | ㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˊ ..., ... |
因为……,所以…… | ㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˊ ..., ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄧˇ ... |
……,所以…… | ..., ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄧˇ ... |
Case
如果 | ㄖㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ | if |
要是 | ㄧㄠˋ ㄕˋ  | if |
是否 | ㄕˋ ㄈㄡˇ | whether |
那 | ㄋㄚˋ | then, in that case |
否则 | ㄈㄡˇ ㄗㄜˊ | otherwise, else |
要不 | ㄧㄠˋ ㄅㄨˋ | otherwise, else |
| | |
……的话 | ㄉㄜ˙ ㄏㄨㄚˋ | (subjunctive mood) |
Sentence pattern:
如果……的话,…就… | ㄖㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ... (ㄉㄜ˙ ㄏㄨㄚˋ), ... (ㄐㄧㄡˋ) ... |
要是……的话,…就… | ㄧㄠˋ ㄕˋ ... (ㄉㄜ˙ ㄏㄨㄚˋ), ... (ㄐㄧㄡˋ) ... |
Time
……的时候 | ... ㄉㄜ˙ ㄕˊ ㄏㄡ˙ | when, while |
一边……一边…… | ㄧˋ ㄅㄧㄢ ... ㄧˋ ㄅㄧㄢ ... | ... while ... (two actions at the same time) |
一……就…… | ㄧ ... ㄐㄧㄡˋ ... | as soon as (once) ..., ... |